Notes on teaching machines to teach
Learning science, classroom AI, and honest engineering, with citations into our own source code.
Teacher Copilot vs. AI Tutor: Two Different Products Wearing the Same Label
If you've spent any time in 2026 evaluating "AI for the classroom," you've probably noticed a strange thing: almost every product uses the same handful of word…
Class-Level Evidence vs. Surveillance: Why We Refuse to Fake Individual Mastery from a Projector
There's a tempting sentence that shows up in a lot of edtech pitches: "our AI knows exactly where every student is." It sounds impressive. It's also, in almost…
Bayesian Knowledge Tracing, Explained for Teachers
"Adaptive learning" is one of the most overused phrases in education technology. Almost every platform claims it. Very few explain what it actually means under…
What Spaced Repetition Actually Is (and Why SM-2 Still Works)
If you've spent any time around learning apps in the last few years, you've probably heard the phrase "spaced repetition" thrown around like a magic word. Flas…
Why Gamification Plateaus, and What Breaks the Ceiling
Does gamification in education actually work? It does, until it doesn't. Streaks, points, and badges are genuinely effective at getting someone to open an app …
What It Takes to Validate AI-Generated Lesson Content Before It Reaches a Classroom
Ask any teacher who's tried an AI lesson generator what worries them, and you'll get some version of the same answer: it's fast, but can you trust what comes o…